Uighur Nationalism, Turkey and the CIA

Much was made in the news, earlier this month, of the series of violent clashes that erupted between Uighurs, a Turkic, and predominantly Muslim, minority ethnic group in China, and the Chinese state police, and Han Chinese residents in the the province of Xinjiang, in northwestern China.

But the media’s recent attention to the matter should be seen in light of a larger geo-political strategy, involving Turkey and the CIA, in ongoing furtherance of The Bernard Lewis Plan. Originally implemented under the supervision of Zbigniew Brzezinski during the Carter administration, the plan was based on Lewis’ idea of an “Arc of Crisis”, created around the southern borders of Soviet Union, by empowering Muslim radicals to rebel against the communists, to bring about the fall of the Soviet Empire. The key aspect of this strategy, over the last 30 years, as revealed in the book and movie, Charlie Wilson’s War, began with support for the Mujahideen in Afghanistan, which became the CIA’s largest covert operation ever.

As outlined in Brzezinski’s Grand Chessboard, control over central Asia, which in addition to Afghanistan, comprises the five former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, is a key factor in mastery of all of Eurasia, and thereby, the world.

Because, as is popularly known, Central Asia holds vast stores of energy resources. Less known, however, is it’s role in the drug trade. Since the implementation of Bernard Lewis’ Plan, and the US’ involvement in Afghanistan, the country now accounts for almost 95% of the world’s opium production. And it is profits arising mostly from this illicit trade that go largely to financing the deliberate spread of a fabricated brand of Islamic fundamentalism.

As mentioned by noted whistleblower Sibel Edmonds, “You get to a point where it gets very complex, where you have money laundering activities, drug related activities, and terrorist support activities converging at certain points and becoming one.”1

Despite years of her testimony being suppressed by the State Secrets Privilege, it is her revelations, discovered in the course of her work for the FBI, that now help explain the significance of the immigration case against Turkish religious leader, Fethullah Gülen, living in self-imposed exile in the Pennsylvania, and explodes this entire complex of American foreign policy in the Middle East and Central Asia, and it’s broader implications for the Islamic world.

Fethullah Gülen, while also leading the movement behind Turkey’s current Islamic renaissance, is one of the key operatives who have been fronting for the CIA in the radicalization of Central Asia, involving drug trafficking, money laundering, and the nuclear black market, and false-flag terrorism.

A number of sources reveal that the Gulen organization has been used as a tool for the Special Operations Department of the Turkish police force, which evolved from the Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio.2 Operation Gladio was a clandestine initiative backed by the United States, which after WWII employed former SS to create “stay-behind” anti-communist. It was responsible for the infamous “Strategy of Tension” in Italy during the 70’s, which used false-flag terror operations, like that of the Red Brigade, to destabilize the country.3

In Turkey, there is a popular belief that the Counter-Guerrilla are responsible for numerous unsolved acts of violence, and have exerted great influence over the country’s Cold War history, most notably for engendering the military coups of 1971, and 1980.4

Among the documents that the attorneys for the State Department presented, in favor of rejecting Gulen’s application for a permanent visa, there are claims about the Gülen movement's financial structure, it being emphasized that the it’s economic power reached $25 billion. The lawyers state:

Because of the large amount of money that Gülen's movement uses to finance his projects, there are claims that he has secret agreements with Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkic governments. There are suspicions that the CIA is a co-payer in financing these projects.5

Most incriminating is the list of references that Gulen provided in an apparent effort to bolster his application, namely George Fidas, Graham Fuller, and Morton Abramowitz.

Graham Fuller happens to be listed as one of the American Deep State rogues on Sibel Edmonds’ State Secrets Privilege Gallery. Graham E. Fuller is an American author and political analyst, specializing in “Islamic extremism”. Formerly vice-chair of the National Intelligence Council, he also served as Station Chief in Kabul for the CIA. A “think piece” that Fuller wrote for the CIA was identified as instrumental in leading to the Iran-contra affair.6 The Iran-Contra affair was that network of activity whereby Israel sold weapons to Iran on behalf of the Americans, to fund the Contras, and then where a large-scale drug-smuggling operation, involving cocaine from Nicaragua, was used to fund the Mujahideen in Afghanistan.7

George Fidas worked thirty-one years for the CIA, while Morton Abramowitz was also deeply involved with Afghan Mujahideen and Kosovo rebels. Abramowitz was succeeded by Marc Grossman as ambassador in Turkey, after working under him in Ankara for a number of years. During that period, the US opened an espionage investigation into activities at the embassy involving Major Douglas Dickerson, a weapons procurement specialist for Central Asia. Dickerson and his wife, an FBI translator, later became famous when they tried to recruit Sibel to spy for this criminal network. Grossman is currently receiving $1.2 million per annum from Ihlas Holding, a Gulen-linked Turkish conglomerate.8

With regards to the separatist moves over Xinjiang, according to TurkPulse: “One of the main tools Washington is using in this affair in order to get Turkey involved in the Xinjiang affair is some Turkish Americans, primarily the Fetullah Gulen.”9

Another Turk used in this affair is Enver Yusuf Turani, also featured in Sibel’s Gallery, who is Prime Minister of Xinjiang, with the US being the only country to recognize it as “East Turkistan”. East Turkistan is the home of the “Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement,” a UN-nominated terrorist organization “funded mainly by Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda network and received training, support and personnel from both the al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime of Afghanistan.”10 The Uighurs constitute as many as 22, of the Guantanamo Bay detainees. Five of those have been set free, and were eventually sent to Albania, amid much controversy.

In fact, Abramowitz and Fuller were key players in the establishment of ‘East Turkistan,’ “proclaiming the government in exile within 4-5 months, starting in May (2004) and completing the proclamation in mid-September. The ceremony was held at Capitol Hill under American flags in Washington.”11

The FSB, the Russian intelligence organization formerly called the KGB, has repeatedly taken action against the Gulen movement for acting as a front organization for the CIA. The FSB has claimed that the ‘Nurcus’ religious brotherhood in Turkey has engaged in espionage on behalf of the CIA, through the companies connected with Fethullah Gulen. Russia has banned all of Gulen’s madrassas, and in April of this year, banned the Nurcu Movement completely.12

The Gulen Movement founded madrassas all over the world in the 1990’s, most of them in the newly independent Turkic republics of Central Asia, including Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. The madrassas, says one writer named Lukery, “appear to be used as a front for enabling CIA and State Department officials to operate undercover in the region, with many of the teachers operating under diplomatic passports.”13

Lukery called Sibel Edmonds to ask her to comment on the latest revelations. She said, in full:

You’ve got to look at the big picture. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the super powers began to fight over control of Central Asia, particularly the oil and gas wealth, as well as the strategic value of the region.

Given the history, and the distrust of the West, the US realized that it couldn’t get direct control, and therefore would need to use a proxy to gain control quickly and effectively. Turkey was the perfect proxy; a NATO ally and a puppet regime. Turkey shares the same heritage/race as the entire population of Central Asia, the same language (Turkic), the same religion (Sunni Islam), and of course, the strategic location and proximity.

This started more than a decade-long illegal, covert operation in Central Asia by a small group in the US intent on furthering the oil industry and the Military Industrial Complex, using Turkish operatives, Saudi partners and Pakistani allies, furthering this objective in the name of Islam.

This is why I have been saying repeatedly that these illegal covert operations by the Turks and certain US persons dates back to 1996, and involves terrorist activities, narcotics, weapons smuggling and money laundering, converging around the same operations and involving the same actors.

And I want to emphasize that this is “illegal” because most, if not all, of the funding for these operations is not congressionally approved funding, but it comes from illegal activities.

And one last thing, take a look at the people in the State Secrets Privilege Gallery on my website and you will see how these individuals can be traced to the following; Turkey, Central Asia, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia - and the activities involving these countries.

 

1 Rasti, Gulen, the CIA and the American Deep State

2 Fethullah Gulen, Wikipedia.  Sources cited: a b c Dilipak, Abrurrahman (2008-10-13). "Washington’dan Ankara’ya yol gider!" (in Turkish). Vakit. Retrieved on 2008-10-13; Ozturk, Saygi (2008-05-06). "Emniyette Fethullahçı liste krizi" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Retrieved on 2008-10-13.; Özcelik, Can (2008-05-18). "Emin Çölaşan: Emniyet'teki Fetullahçı örgütlenme TSK'ya karşı silahlı güç oluşturmak" (in Turkish). Ulusal Kanal. Retrieved on 2008-10-13; (in Turkish) Ergenekon İddianamesi. 2008-12-16. p. 148. Retrieved on 2008-12-16. "Gladyo örgütlenmesi Ordunun içinden çıkarılıyor. Emniyet teşkilatında yayılıyor."; Çetin, Muhammed (2008-07-17). "Protectionist Ideology in Turkey and Its Cheap, Polarizing Bloggers Abroad". Today's Zaman (Fethullah Gülen's personal Web site). Retrieved on 2008-10-13.

3  Timewatch: Operation Gladio - Behind False Flag Terrorism & 9/11 (parts 1, 2 and 3) 

4 Alexandrovna, Larisa; Kane, Muriel (2007-06-27). "New documents link Kissinger to two 1970s coups". GlobalResearch.ca. Retrieved on 2008-12-29.

5 Rumi, Raza; Ataturk’s Turkish Republic in Danger.

6 Graham Fuller, Wikipedia

7 Livingstone, David; Terrorism and the Illuminati, Guns, Drugs and Jihad

8 Lukerly, Court Documents Shed Light on CIA Illegal Operations in Central Asia Using Islam & Madrassa;

9 Turkish-American Relations With the Second Bush

10 Terror list with links to al-Qaeda unveiled

 

Comments

Oh boy, apparently some Oktar

Oh boy, apparently some Oktar fanatics and CIA puppet Fethullah's followers (David Villa acting as an academic with very basic grammar errors probably a Turkish tool living in the U.S.) came upon to spread their typical misinformation-disinformation tactics.

Shame this CIA puppet (Fethullah) still manages to fool many honest people and weaken the secular foundations of modern Turkish republic via 'so called moderately islamic' AKP party and of course via CIA and other western regimes.

Great job, Mr. Livingstone.

All lies

Check out the below article that clearly shows how these guys lie about the facts and manipulate the facts.

http://fethullahgulenforum.org/articles/10/fethullah-gulen-s-grand-ambit...

Thankyou

Hilarious - thanks for a great giggle, shame about the reality-break but you can't have everything.

Read Facts, not rumors

I read comments here and see that most are based on baseless rumors and opinions.. Make some research on Fethullah Gulen first before jumping to conclusions.

A few websites to get more info - http://www.guleninstitute.org

Article appeared in New York Times - http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/18/world/europe/18iht-19oxan-Turkishpreac...

A muslim Turks point of view

As a Turk I want to congratulate the author for a precise and indebt research and presentation of the Gulen movement in my country Turkiye and other Turkish countries in eurasia. Naive muslims are been played by this ideologially driven movement which is basically an organization and web of people used by and for the masonic ambitions.

Pls listen to the information at the below link to better undersant how the muslim people, incuding my Turkish bretheren are played with:
http://www.redicecreations.com/radio/2009/01jan/RICR-090122-SUB.html

True Islam, as conveyed by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammed (peace be upon them) is out there for the sincere.

www.WhatsIslam.com
www.QuranMiracles.com
www.911Bible.com
www.AllahsQuran.com
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLroyYtbf1o

May The God guide us into wisdom and truth, ameen.

I am sorry i read this

I am sorry i read this article...What a shame for this web site...You are publishing lies of lies of lies..

US Govt Donmeh & Turkey

As Salamu alaykum.

David, Looks like you were more right than most commenters gave you credit for being:

http://www.bradblog.com/Docs/SibelEdmondsDeposition_Transcript_080809.pdf

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brad-friedman/formerly-gagged-fbi-whist_b_...

These are links to the transcript of Sibel Edmonds deposition, which was finally disclosed, along with an article summarizing some of the information in it. The article also has links to 4 or 5 hours of video of the depostion as it was being taken. Some of the names named as part of the broad criminal conspiracy including several US congressmen; Grossman, the former US ambassador to Turkey, parts of the Turkish government, and so on.

You were right as rain, bro'. Right on.

Ramadan Karim.

Video of Sibel's testimony

Thanks for that.  I just embedded the 5 videos of her testimony here:

Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

 

Adnan Oktar

What is Adnan Oktar's part in all of this? Is it that he's turning the muslims into something like the evangelical christians? That muslims become one sided when the quran teaches that they be a middle nation keeping an eye on every other nation?

Pan-Turkism

It might be helpful to understand Oktar's most recent pronouncements in light of Pan-Turkism, which is a hidden agenda to use Turkish nationalism as a bulwark against China and Russia. It is disguised with Islamic rhetoric, to present it as a renewed Caliphate, reminiscent of the Ottoman Empire.

Sources?

I see you quote the state run Chinese news agency, China Daily, for your links between Uighurs and Al Queda. I've lived in China for 7 years and know many Uighurs, they have a host of legitimate grievances living under a totalitarian government that seeks to marginalize their culture. Quoting from said totalitarian authority's propaganda arm is not only a massive disservice to a culture that endures forced relocation and economic and political disenfranchisement, but also puts the veracity of this entire article in serious question. Would you quote the S.S. to defend holocaust deniers as well? Your reliance on state run propaganda agencies for "factual" information is highly disappointing.

Sources

Thanks for your response Stephan. It's true that a Chinese source, with regards to any links between Uighur terrorists and al Qaeda, should be considered with some suspicion.  First of all, this one reference is not the basis of the claims of the article. Nevertheless, while it is suspect, it is likely true.

Consider the most recent revelation by Sibel Edmonds, which claims that bin Laden worked for the US right up until 9/11, using him for 'operations' in Central Asia, including Xinjiang, China.

Eric Margolis, an excellent reporter with particular knowledge on matters of Central Asia, stated that the Uighurs in the training camps in Afghanistan up to 2001:

"were being trained by Bin Laden to go and fight the communist Chinese in Xinjiang, and this was not only with the knowledge, but with the support of the CIA, because they thought they might use them if war ever broke out with China."

I'm certainly not denying that the Uighurs likely have legitimate greivances against the Chinese goverment. On the contrary, I expect they do.  As do so many people in the world, who are used as paws in the Great Game.  They have the misfortune of being situated in a border region between super-powers, and where struggles for dominance will inevitably take place.  A struggle, in this case, between two powers, neither of which seems to have much regard for the common person.

Adnan Oktar

What exactly does Mr. Livingstone believe in regards to Adnan Oktar, and is he not a sound writer and personality?

He does use ahadeeth to back up everything and is fervently against the freemasons, zionists, and humanist movements.

Is he not a Sayyid?

Are his works advisable to read, or not?

Lastly, has anyone read anything from his site regarding the coming of the Mahdi, the Great Reformer and Imam?

Yahya a sayyid?

The Qur'an says:

"And among mankind there is he whose talk about the life of this world will impress you, and he calls God as a witness to what is in his heart. Yet, he is the most stringent of opponents." (Chapter 2: 204)

I am not judging Oktar. God knows best. Some things he says are good. Other things are outright strange. We don't need to decide whether he is good or not. We should accept what he says that is good, and reject what is not.

Dear David, As an academic in

Dear David,
As an academic in the USA, I can tell you that this article is full of errors. Let me correct some of them.

1- You always cite some Turkish news outlets such as Hürriyet and Ulusal Kanal to back up your claims about Fethullah Gulen. These new outlets you are citing do benefit from status quo in Turkey and are open enemies of reformist Fethullah Gulen. What I mean is that citing statements of Adolf Hitler to to back up claims against existence of Holocaust could be a better way of writing an article.

2-You say "madrassa" all the time. Madrasah means a religious school. And all schools' curriculum is under the control of Turkish Ministry of Educations. Madrassas were banned in Turkey 85 years ego.

3- You say "... $1.2 million per annum from Ihlas Holding, a Gulen-linked Turkish conglomerate".

Even a Turkish kid on the street of Istanbul could have told you that Ihlas Holding and Gulen movement have no link what so ever. Even a person who is against Gulen movement could have told you these two groups have no link what so ever.

4- You claim" it’s economic power reached $25 billion". Let say it is true, though you do not give any source for your claim. So what? Can you provide any evidence that the money comes from illegal sources or given by CIA. No? All you do is to cite some "suspicions" and "claims" of others. What is this? A joke?

I can continue more but I don't think it is needed.

David

Reply To The `Academic` David Villa.

Dear Mr Villa,

I read with interest your comments regarding David's excellent and highly informative article.

You ask for his references; Please provide yours.

You state you are an Academic!

In my experience, few are as flawed in their understanding of the Historical and the Geopolitical circumstances currently prevailing, which threaten to embroil us in another Global war.

Academics are specialists and specialists are those who learn more and more about less and less. Few in my experience can ever see the bigger picture.

I have read Mr Livingstone's Book three times, and gleened much valuable information from it. Considering he had to research, write, proof read, edit and publish the thing himself, it is a work of wonder. Yes there is the odd spelling mistake, or grammatical error, or even a fact or two which is not quite correct. But I have found David very receptive to being informed as such, grateful even.

So please consider that you are deconstructing the work of a fine historian, researcher and writer, who is bravely sticking his `neck out,` in an area of investigative writing, which can, as Fritz Springmeier and others have discovered, be dangerous in the extreme.

Therefore, in the interests of fair play, please present your case in a less condescending manner, and provide, for all to see your credentials, along with a documentary record of your own work.

Yours faithfully,

Philip Jones

PS. And I would respectfully suggest you get someone to `proof read` your comments in future. I doubt you are an English Language `Academic.`

Dear David, As an academic in

Dear David,
As an academic in the USA, I can tell you that this article is full of errors. Let me correct some of them.

1- You always cite some Turkish news outlets such as Hürriyet and Ulusal Kanal to back up your claims about Fethullah Gulen. These new outlets you are citing do benefit from status quo in Turkey and are open enemies of reformist Fethullah Gulen. What I mean is that citing statements of Adolf Hitler to to back up claims against existence of Holocaust could be a better way of writing an article.

2-You say "madrassa" all the time. Madrasah means a religious school. And all schools' curriculum is under the control of Turkish Ministry of Educations. Madrassas were banned in Turkey 85 years ego.

3- You say "... $1.2 million per annum from Ihlas Holding, a Gulen-linked Turkish conglomerate".

Even a Turkish kid on the street of Istanbul could have told you that Ihlas Holding and Gulen movement have no link what so ever. Even a person who is against Gulen movement could have told you these two groups have no link what so ever.

4- You claim" it’s economic power reached $25 billion". Let say it is true, though you do not give any source for your claim. So what? Can you provide any evidence that the money comes from illegal sources or given by CIA. No? All you do is to cite some "suspicions" and "claims" of others. What is this? A joke?

I can continue more but I don't think it is needed. I feel sorry about the time I spent reading this article!

David

gulen movement is sponsored

gulen movement is sponsored by cia. it has nothing to do with turkish deep state. in fact gulen is claimed to be a homosexual. their aim is to bring a puppet regime in eurasia. and of course the usa will be the puppeteer. but they will fail.

What is wrong with being

What is wrong with being homosexual? You are homophobic or what? You are claimed to be homosexual, but people are fine with it:)

Um..

Dear Mr. DL,

Splendid article, but believe me M. Adnan Oktar (Harun Yahya) is not involved in any of the vile activities you mentioned above. He is a very pious and noble man and many members of our thinktank here in Pakistan have personally met him in Turkey. U should know that the Masonic forces especially the Doenmehs of Turkey and those in the Turkish Parliament have been trying their level best to conspire against Harun Yahya for a long time because he has written several books against Freemasonry and exposing the Doenmehs. Furthermore, he broadcast his blood report online from Scotland Yard medical labs and those in Austria in which it was clearly mentioned he had been induced with mind altering drugs, he didn't take them himself.

Please rethink on Harun Yahya.

Philip Jones

Hi David,

Another terrific article and one which puts whats happening in Central Asia into perspective in a very understandable manner.

Furthermore, I found your remarks regarding `Harun Yahya` quite illuminating (in a non Illuminati way of course). I have read some of his work and seen some DVD's of his.

I was not aware that he was a propagator of what has come to be known recently as `The Law Of Attraction` spuriously derived from Quantum Mechanics. I wrote and article about this not so long ago which can be read here : http://www.rense.com/general85/jones.htm

This idea is now being marketed big time through films such as `The Secret` and `The World Is In Your Head, ` and is 100% occult.

If this is what Yahya is really about, then he is misleading Muslims here in Europe on a major scale, as he is very popular here.

Anyway, thanks for another immensely important article, and as always, you have my respect.  

Gulen and Harun Yahya

It’s interesting to note that another popular Muslim writer, Adnan Oktar, aka Harun Yahya, endorses Fethullah Gulen, and shares with him some incriminating interests, primarly an admiration for Said Nursi Beddiuzaman, a 20th century Turkish dissident and Sufi.  That admiration is detailed a book called The School of Yusuf.

Here's how one writer explains the significance of Nursi:

"When Gülen’s name is mentioned, the first thing that comes to the mind of his students is Said Nursi, known by the Kurds known as Saidi Keri. But Said Nursi is a vehicle used to recruit Muslim people to his community, his cemaat. His leaders use Said Nursi as a mask. First his students read and study the Risale-i-Nur, Said Nursi’s books, but then little by little they introduce the students to Fethullah Gülen, an idol replacing Said Nursi in reverence and in commitment to his writings."

Here's what Harun Yahya confinded about Gulen in an interview with Le Nouvel Observateur:

"I am very fond of Fettullah Gülen. He is also a student of the Light. He also reads Said Nursi’s books. He is a democrat, very moderate and loving. Yes, I admire his ideas, I regard Fettullah Gülen’s thoughts and ideas, his conception of humanity, his conception of democracy, and his embracing and affection toward all humanity as very excellent."

Yahya also admits in the interview to have been committed to a mental asylum in 1986.  He dismisses the incarceration as persecution for this ideas, though we have to wonder at the soundness of his mental health when he boasgts that his books were responsible for the collapse of the theory of Darwinism in Europe.  He says, "I have brought freedom to France.  I have enabled them to think freely. I showed them that Darwinism was a hoax, a fraud." (Le Nouvel Observateur)

As for his Sufi views, he has written a book titled, Matter: The Other Name for Illusion, which provides this summary: "All events and objects that we encounter in real life—buildings, people, cities, cars, places—in fact, everything we see, hold, touch, smell, taste and hear—come into existence as visions and feelings in our brains".  His ideas are also characterized as pantheism, a tenet that is common not only to Sufis, but most pagan and occult doctrines, including the Kabbalah.

There's more.  Yahya and his spokespersons will always claim that the accusations are fabricated, but that would appear unlikely.  Here is full breakdown available on Wikipedia:
 

Legal issues, arrest, trial, and sentencing

Over the last twenty years Oktar has had several issues with law enforcement. In 1991, Oktar was arrested for possession of cocaine, which he claimed security agents planted in his food.[53] He was later acquitted.[53] In September 1999 Adnan Oktar was arrested following multiple scandals and further allegations that were fully covered by the Turkish media.[65][66] In that court case, Oktar was charged with using threats for personal benefit and creating an organization with the intent to commit a crime.[67] One complainant was Ebru Simsek, a fashion model, who was blackmailed[53][68], and then slandered as a "prostitute" in fax messages sent to hundreds of different newspapers, TV channels, major business companies, foreign consulates and government offices for refusing to have sex with Oktar. The judicial process lasted over two years, during which most of the complainants retracted their claims, reportedly because of threats or bribes from SRF members. As a result, cases against Oktar and other SRF members were dismissed, with only two members receiving jail sentences for 1 year each.[30][69]

A 2008 indictment from the prosecutor’s office, cited by the daily Cumhuriyet, said Oktar's organisation used its female members to attract young scholars from rich families with the promise of sex in exchange for attending events.[70] According to the indictment, one of the victims had to sleep with 16 men, which was recorded with hidden cameras and the tapes were given to Oktar.[70] The girls who want to leave the group are threatened that the tapes will be made public.[70]

Amidst ambiguous circumstances, all charges were dropped by that court, only to be picked up by another court eight years later. In 2008 Oktar was convicted of a variety of crimes, including the making of criminal threats.[59][67][71] In May 2008 Oktar and 17 other members of his organisation were sentenced to three years in prison.[67] Oktar is appealing the convictions.[72]


 

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